Present Perfect of Past indefinife Tense

This tense is used more often than the simple past, especially in conversation, and is equivalent to I have asked or I asked. Regular verbs use a form of hebben or zijn and a past participle. Past participles are made by adding ge- to the beginning of the verb stem and -t or -d to the end. Verb stems are the infinitives minus the -en, with the appropriate spelling changes. The stems are identical to the first person singular present tense form.

-t is added to stems ending in t, k, f, s, ch, and p (note that if the stem ends in -t already, you do not double the consonant), while -d is added to all other stems, except those already ending in -d. (If a stem ends in -f or -s, but the infinitive contained -v or -z, then still add a -d)

Verbs with inseparable prefixes do not add ge- in this tense. Verbs with separable prefixes add the ge after the prefix and before the stem (afgemaakt).

Verb		Stem	Past Participle
hopen maken blaffen missen dromen bellen loven vrezen praten koken blaffen kuchen bouwen horen branden bedoelen bepraten geloven verhuizen afmaken	to hope to make to bark to miss to dream to ring to praise to be afraid to talk to cook to bark to cough to build to hear to burn to mean to discuss to believe to move house to finish	hoop maak blaf mis droom bel loof vrees praat kook blaf kuch bouw hoor brand bedoel bepraat geloof verhuis af...maak	gehoopt gemaakt geblaft gemist gedroomd gebeld geloofd gevreesd gepraat gekookt geblaft gekucht gebouwd gehoord gebrand bedoeld bepraat geloofd verhuisd afgemaakt

Hebben vs. Zijn
Some verbs of motion can take either hebben or zijn depending on whether it is the action that is stressed (hebben) or the destination/direction (zijn.) Verbs taking zijn are generally intransitive (they do not take direct objects) and denote a change in motion/position or change in state/condition. Most verbs derived from zijn verbs also take zijn in the perfect tense.

Modals
The past participles of the modals (kunnen: gekund; moeten: gemoeten; mogen: gemoogd, willen: gewild) are only used when the modal is used independently of another verb. Ik heb het gemoeten. I had to (do it).

If the perfect tense of a modal is used with another verb, then the past participle of the modal is replaced by its infinitive. This double infinitive construction (infinitive of modal + other infinitive) is always placed at the end of the clause or sentence. Ik heb gisteren kunnen komen. I was able to come yesterday.