For some verbs, the internal vowel of the stem changes in the past tense. The stem with the changed vowel then acts as the past tense for all persons of the singular, while the plural adds -en to the changed stem. In addition, there are some irregular verbs that change more than the vowel, but still add nothing for the singular and -en for the plural.
| ik, jij, u, hij, zij | wij, jullie, zij | |
| zijn - to be | was | waren |
| hebben - to have | had | hadden |
| gaan - to go | ging | gingen |
| weten - to know | wist | wisten |
| denken - to think | dacht | dachten |
| blijven - to stay | bleef | bleven |
| drinken - to drink | dronk | dronken |
| eten - to eat | at | aten |
| breken - to break | brak | braken |
| bijten - to bite | beet | beten |
| gieten - to pour | goot | goten |
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